How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub (2024)

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How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub (1)

Caption

A Lady Baltimore PinkHibiscus.

Photo Credit

Bryan Pollard/Shutterstock

Botanical Name

Hibiscus syriacus, H. moscheutos, H. coccineus

Plant Type

Trees, Shrubs, and Vine

Sun Exposure

Full Sun

Part Sun

Soil pH

Slightly Acidic to Neutral

Bloom Time

Summer

Fall

Flower Color

Blue

Multicolor

Pink

Purple

Red

White

Hardiness Zone

5

6

7

8

9

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Planting, Growing, and Pruning Hibiscus

Catherine Boeckmann

How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub (2)

With huge, colorful dinner-plate flowers, perennial hibiscus plants add a bold, tropical effect to the garden.They are also highly attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds!Here’s how to plant, grow, and care for hibiscusflowers.

AboutHibiscus

There are many types of hibiscus. This growing guide covers perennial hibiscus grown for theirstrikingly beautiful, big, disc-shaped, hollyhock-like flowers that can measure up to 12 inchesacross!

Perennial hibiscus can grow up to eight feet tall, but dwarf varieties are only two to three feettall.

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  • How to Grow Salvias: The Complete Salvia Flower Guide

Planting

When to PlantHibiscus

Hibiscus can be purchased as young plants from nurseries and are best planted in the spring. Or, they can be rooted from a cutting in thespring.

If you wish to grow hibiscus from seed, sow indoors 12 weeks before the last springfrost date.Soak seeds in very warm water for one hour before sowing.Alternatively, seeds canbe sown outdoors after the last expected frostdate.

Choosing and Preparing a PlantingSite

  • Choose a site that gets full sun; they’ll grow in partial sun but will not flower aswell.
  • Hibiscus prefers well-draining soil with plenty of organic matter andneutral to slightly acidic soil.
  • To avoid breakage of the long stems, plant hibiscus where they won’t beexposed to strongwinds.

How to PlantHibiscus

  • Plant potted hibiscus plants so that their stems are just at the soilsurface.
  • To root a cutting in the spring, cut off a branch 5 to 6 inches long and strip off lower leaves. Plant the cutting in a pot with a mix of three parts sand and one part peat. Roots should form within a few weeks. Transplant the cutting from the pot into theground.
  • The hibiscus species that die back each year can be spaced 2 to 3 feet apart. Consider the potential height and width (up to 12 feet and 10 feet, respectively) of a mature plant beforeplanting.
  • Water the plants well at the time ofplanting.

Growing

How to Care for HibiscusShrubs

  • Hibiscus needsfrequent watering, especially when young and new. When watering, do so deeply and thoroughly, drenching theplant.
  • Mulch around the plant to retain moisture and to provide winter protection for theroots.
  • To encourage rebloom, either remove the spentflowers before they form seed heads or prune plants back by one-third after a flush of bloom isfinished.
  • Perennial hibiscus will freeze back to the ground each winter; cut old stems to theground.
  • Hibiscus blooms on new wood (this year’s growth), so pruningis best done in thespring.
  • In early spring, remove dead stems from established plants and apply a balancedfertilizer.
  • Over the growing season, hibiscus can benefit from a fertilizer that is high in potassium, medium to medium-high in nitrogen, and low in phosphorus, as the plant can be sensitive tophosphorus.
  • Mature plants can be divided in the spring, notfall.

Recommended Varieties

Scarlet Swamp Hibiscus (H. coccineus): Thisplant, alsoknown as Texas Star, has 5-petaled, brilliant-red flowers. It grows to a height ofseven feet each growing season, dies back to the ground every winter, and resprouts inspring.

Rose Mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos): This is the classic dinner-plate hibiscus due to the large size of its flowers. These large, fast-growing plants bloom from August to October, and each plant may flaunt several 10 to 12-inch wide flowers at once. A few of the many popular cultivarsare:

  • ‘Anne Arundel’ has pink flowers, nine inches in diameter, on plants five feettall.
  • ‘Kopper King’ has light pink to white flowers with a burgundy center, 12 inches in diameter, withcoppery red deeply cutleaves.
  • ‘Lady Baltimore’ is a popular old variety with pink flowers and red centers on five-foot-tallplants.
  • ‘Lord Baltimore’ is another old variety with red flowers on five-foot-tallplants.

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Wit and Wisdom

  • The plant has been used to soothe headaches, aching limbs, coughs, andinflammations.
  • Hibiscus tea is made from partsof a different type of hibiscus, Hibiscus sabdariffa—also known as Roselle or Florida Cranberry. It’s native to West Africa but is now grown across Central America, the Caribbean, andevenFlorida.
  • In Victorian times, giving a hibiscus blossom to a person meant that the giver acknowledged the receiver’s delicate beauty. Learn more about the language of flowers.

Pests/Diseases

Insect pests of hibiscus include aphids, whiteflies, and Japanesebeetles.

  • Japanesebeetles
  • Aphids
  • Whiteflies

Clean up all plant debris to avoid fungal diseases which can cause leaf spots. Don’t crowd plants, and keep mulch from touching the stems to avoidblight.

Shrubs and Trees

About The Author

Catherine Boeckmann

Catherine Boeckmann loves nature, stargazing, and gardening so it’s not surprising that she and The Old Farmer’s Almanac found each other. She leads digital content for the Almanac website, and is also a certified master gardener in the state of Indiana. Read More from Catherine Boeckmann

How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub (4)

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Comments

Add a Comment

My hibiscus has healthy green leaves and buds all over but they often die before they opening. It was almost dead when I bought the house. I trimmed it, watered and fertilized.

  • Reply

I have 4 Hibiscus plants that I kept in the basem*nt last winter and brought them out this spring. The plants have leaaves on them but are not blooming. What is wrong with them.

  • Reply

I have a hibiscus plant that hasn’t bloomed.What can I do?

  • Reply

HiNellie,

There can be a number of factors that will prevent your hibiscus fromblooming.

Hibiscus need at least 6 hours of sunlight a day and lots of direct light promotes blooms, so too much shade can impact your plant. Hibiscus plants also have high water needs that should be on a schedule. An extended time without water can affect blooming, while too much water can as well. Water when the soil is mostly dry but still a bit damp because they do not like to dry outcompletely.

Fertilizing can also play a part because while used in the correct way it can allow your plant to thrive, it can also do the opposite if it does not get the right balance. (See above for fertilizinginstructions.)

Depending on the age of your plant, pruning can also help but it may be a longer term solution. Just remember not to remove more than one-third of your plant at onetime.

Hope thishelps.

  • Reply

I have two rose mallow hibiscus that are over 6ft tall but have no flowers, not even buds. ?? This is the second year they have done this - grow like crazy but have no blooms. I fertilize, water, etc. What else can I do?

  • Reply

Hi,Linda,

Do they get more than 6 hours of sun per day? Lots of sun will encourageflowering.

Also, in general, a fertilizer that is too high in nitrogen can encourage leaves and shoots but discourage flowering. However, even a balanced fertilizer might not be the best when it comes to hibiscus. Even though phosphorus usually encourages flowering in plants, hibiscus can be sensitive to it, so some recommend that one choose a fertilizer that has medium to medium-high nitrogen (N), low phosphorus (P) and high potassium(K).

Hibiscus also loves organic matter and lots of water in well-draining soil. Make sure the soil pH is slightlyacidic.

Hope thishelps!

  • Reply

Small black bug on the flowers before they open and after. How do get rid of them. I’m hoping with the same as aphid solution.

Thank you

  • Reply

One hibiscus plant has curling leaves! Other’s have blooms not opening and falling off. I do not see any insects

  • Reply

I have 3 mature hibiscus plants. The blooms on one seem to be shriveling. The other two are fine. Any ideas? I don't see any pests on it.

  • Reply

Well, I thought I bought Rose of Sharon with the huge trumpet flowers, but it was hibiscus with smaller flowers and it's already at least 8 feet tall with no blooms and falling over into the entire flower bed and on the lawn. It was planted 2 years ago and did fine last year. I have no idea what to do besides dig it up. I'm in Oregon if that helps.

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How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub (2024)

FAQs

How to Grow a Hibiscus Shrub? ›

They are tropical plants, so they prefer humidity, warm temperatures, and 8 to 10 hours of direct sunlight each day. The plants will still grow in partial shade, but they will be less healthy and bloom far less frequently in this environment. Make sure the soil drains well before planting hibiscus plants.

Do hibiscus grow better in pots or ground? ›

Do hibiscus do better in pots or in the ground? Smaller specimens will thrive either in pots or the ground when given the right growing conditions. Larger specimens will perform better when planted in the ground.

Where is the best place to put a hibiscus plant? ›

Location and Light

Hardy Hibiscus does best in full sun. They will grow in partial shade, but growth and flowering will suffer. If you live in areas with very hot summers, during the hottest part of the day, Hibiscus may need shade. Hibiscus should be planted along, or in the back of perennial flower beds.

How deep do you plant a hibiscus bush? ›

Each hole (for a single plant or hibiscus seed) should be as deep as the roots go, and at least twice, if not three times, as wide. The loose soil around the plant will allow for better drainage, and should not be tamped down. Plant each hibiscus plant at least 2–3 feet (0.6–0.9 m) away from each other.

Are coffee grounds good for hibiscus? ›

Feeding hibiscus with home remedies

Small home remedies can have a big effect – and this is also true for fertilising houseplants and garden plants. Coffee grounds, crushed banana peels or tea grounds mixed in with the soil will provide a good supply of everything your hibiscus needs.

Is Miracle-Gro good for hibiscus plants? ›

Beginning a month after planting, feed hibiscus regularly with Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble Bloom Booster® Flower Food, which was specially developed to encourage lots of colorful blooms. Using the Miracle-Gro® Garden Feeder makes feeding super-easy, but you can also mix the food in a watering can instead if you prefer.

How to keep hibiscus blooming? ›

The plant blooms best in full sun, so increase sun exposure if you think that might be a factor. Also, make certain the soil is moist at all times to support the growth of the plant. Hardy hibiscus blooms on new growth, but pinching the plants too late in summer or pruning severely can delay blooming.

How often should I water hibiscus? ›

Container hibiscus should be watered daily, whereas garden hibiscus needs to be watered about every other day. If you're overwintering your hibiscus indoors, always wait for the soil to dry out before watering again. As for sunlight, hibiscus plants like lots and lots!

Is there a difference between a hibiscus tree and a hibiscus bush? ›

When looking at the Hibiscus genus as a whole, shrub is definitely the most apt description. Most varieties have woody, branching stems that remain that way without a gardener's intervention. However, some varieties with softer stems could be considered herbs, and most varieties could be trained to form a tree.

What triggers hibiscus to bloom? ›

The number one thing you can do to encourage flowers on your plant is to keep it in good health. Inside, hibiscus plants that are suffering from stress over lack of light, dry soil, or pests are going to put their resources towards survival instead of blooming.

Is Epsom salt good for hibiscus? ›

A good fertilizer ratio for hibiscus is 12-4-18 or a “high bloom” water-soluble fertilizer. Slow-release granular fertilizers, like Osmocote, can be used in combination with water soluble fertilizer when irrigating. Magnesium sulfate, also called Epsom salt, gives hibiscus foliage a good dark green color.

Do hibiscus do better in pots or in the ground? ›

There are good reasons to keep them potted, such as being able to move them around, but we have also found that hibiscus do very well when planted in the ground in warm climates.

What is the best fertilizer for hibiscus? ›

Help the Hibiscus start the reason off right with a balanced fertilizer, like a 20-20-20 appalled in the spring. This will provide a well-rounded mixture of nutrients. You can continue to use a balanced fertilizer throughout the rest of the growing season, or you can switch to a 12-4-8 mix.

Do hibiscus bushes spread? ›

Hibiscus, also called Rose Mallow or Wild Cotton, is a fast, strong-growing perennial. It usually grows to 5 feet tall, but in proper conditions can reach 8 feet in height. The plant grows about 3 feet wide, but does spread into larger patches with years of growth.

How long can hibiscus live in pots? ›

Hibiscuses may live up to ten years when using fourteen inch pots. Make sure not to over-water, try to keep your plant on the dry side. There plants like humid weather, so it is beneficial to mist the leaves daily, or use a humidifier.

Can I leave my potted hibiscus outside? ›

As soon as danger of frost is past in the spring, the indoor hibiscus can be placed outside on a deck or patio to enjoy its beauty all summer. In the fall when night temperatures begin to drop, bring the hibiscus back inside again for enjoyment all winter.

What is the best position in the garden for hibiscus? ›

Hibiscus needs a warm position in full sun, preferably sheltered from strong and cold winds. It prefers a well-drained soil that remains moist during summer. Hibiscus are perfect for growing in large containers of John Innes No 3 compost in a warm and sunny position.

Do hibiscus like sun or shade? ›

In general, the more sun this plant gets, the better. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis prefer full sun but will tolerate light shade. The more shade the plant gets, the fewer and likely smaller flowers it will produce. If overwintering, try to place near a southern or western facing window.

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