- Evaluating Sources
- Scholarly vs Popular Sources
- Evaluating Online Sources
Always question the content and quality of sources you use. Use the followingcriteriato determine if the source is appropriate for your research:
Currency - When was the information published, updated or revised?
Authority - How are the authors and what are their credentials? Is the article peer-reviewed? For books, is the book published by a scholarly press or a popular press, or is the book self published?
Accuracy - Does the source match your understanding? Can you verify the information in other sources? Is there a bibliography?
Relevance - How much information was presented? Does the scope fulfill your information needs? Is the readership level of appropriate?
Purpose - Is the purpose stated? Does the research attempt to present objectivity? What are the biases?
Your professor wants you to use scholarly resources in your research. The table below will help you distinguish between scholarly and popularsources, based on typical characteristics associated with scholarly journals and popular magazines.
Criteria | Scholarly Journals | Popular Magazines |
|---|---|---|
| Example |
|
|
| Author | Usually a scholar or researcher with expertise in the subject area; Author's credentials and/or affiliation are given. | Author's name may or may not be given; often a professional writer; may or may not have expertise in the subject area. |
| Audience | Other scholars, researchers, and students. | General public; the interested non-specialist. |
| Language | Specialized terminologyor jargon of the field; requires expertise in subject area (or a good specialized dictionary!). | Vocabulary in general usage;easily understandableto most readers. |
| Graphics | Graphs, charts, and tables;very few advertisem*ntsand photographs. | Graphs, charts and tables; lots ofglossy advertisem*nts and photographs. |
Layout & | Structured; generally includes the article abstract, objectives, methodology, analysis, results (evidence), discussion, conclusion, and bibliography. | Informal; may include non-standard formatting.May not present supporting evidenceor a conclusion. |
| Accountability | Articles areevaluated by peer-reviewersor referees who are experts in the field; edited forcontent, format, and style. | Articles areevaluated by editorial staff, not experts in the field; edited forformat and style. |
| References | Always has a list of references or bibliography; sources of quotes and facts are cited and can be verified. | Rarely has a list of references; usually does not give complete information about sources of information. |
| Examples | Annals of Mathematics,Journal of Abnormal Psychology,History of Education Quarterly, almost anything withJournalin the title. | Time,Newsweek,The Nation,The Economist |
Adapted from a LibGuide by Beth Rohloff at Tufts University's Tisch Library.
You will also need to determine the reliability and credibility of online resources. Fact checkers go beyond the information presented on a websiteto determine reliability. They use lateral reading to find out moreabout the author and to evaluate their supporting evidence.
Web Literacy for Student Fact Checkers
This short, open source book by author Michael Caulfield provides alternative, web-native approaches to news literacy and fact-checking. It is also available as a PDF.
